Intervention In Early Childhood Education Essay

Intervention In Early Childhood Education EssayStudies throw away studyn handling in early nestlinghood whitethorn be crucial for the ontogeny of a child. agree to Siraj- Blatchford, it is believed that children who nominate access to early childhood administer and discipline whitethorn fargon better in their future development. Government bodies advocate for intervention in early childhood as they believe that children from curt background may have equal chance to move out of the poverty cycle done culture.However, it may be ch everyenging to deliver the goods quality early childhood criminal maintenance and education to attack poverty. The relevance of early childhood mannequins, social and cultural scope, co-ordination within families, communities and government bodies play an important procedure in development appropriate intervention computer programmeme to help children in poverty reach their unspoilt potential in mental and social development (Siraj-Blatch ford).Context ( what are the legislation UNCRC, ECEC, NGO, statistics on what is fortuity globally, definition of term)The context of poverty differs in develop and developing countries.Developing countries may refer to countries in Africa, South America and Asia where there is a lower standard of living, for example, in healthcare and education. In developing countries, some of which may be torn by wars and internal conflicts, children live in hunger, poor health and poor maintenance. In these countries, poverty may be translated to high infant and child mortality, lack of education and surviving on less than a dollar a day (Penn, 2005).Developing countries may ask in fundings from non-governmental organizations such as World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organisation and United Nations to pay programs to bring the people out of the poverty cycle.According to Conleys human capital theory, investment in one-year-old children leave alone bring the greatest return to society in the future. This is concurred in the human development slip of paper as explained in Siraj-Batchford, which states that intervention in early years will prevent loss of development potential in the children.Early childhood is a crucial period of development, poor health and nutrition which may snarf out of poverty have negative consequences on the child. Early Childhood education and care (ECEC) has the potential to help children in poverty develop and equalize life chances. As such, a lot significance is devoted to ECEC in policies development globally.Developed countries may refer to the countries in the Organisation for economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). In developed countries, some government measure poverty as family earning less than half(prenominal) of the median income. In other countries, poverty may refer to people who can non make the minimum indispensability which is have to love as ready by their governments (Penn, 2005).Poverty in developed countries may arise as a result of migration. Statistics have shown that UK and USA has the highest child poverty rate (Wilkinson Pickett in the tang Level, 2009) and Penn , 2005.People may migrate to the cities to seek employment or to move from countries in conflict. Statistics has shown that 1 in 37 people in the world is a migrant in search of work (Penn, 2005). As they go to the cities to seek employment, they may end up in low-paid job and both parents may need employment. For some mothers who stayed with their children in their hometown, they may need to seek employment in their hometown. As such, demand for child care services increases.In developed countries, government invest in early childhood care and education on the understanding that people contribute to the nations wealth. The economic benefits generated from investment in ECEC will grind greater gains in the future as it will lower health and social risks, like offensive rates. In return, it will im prove childrens development which is translated to jobs skills and higher worker productivity in future ( Siraj-Blatchford) other rationale for early intervention in ECEC is the social justice display case. All people should be given equal chances in life. Government has a responsibility to envision all people has the same rights to education. Moreover, it is by dint of education that people canvas the fundamental attitudes and values to do well (Siraj-Blatchford).United Nation ruler for Child Rights (UNCRC) and every child matters (2006) states that all children have a right to life and governments must ensure that all children survive and stay healthy. Countries which have adopt the UNCRC therefore advocate for early childhood intervention plan.Non-governmental organizations like World Bank, IMF, WTO also understand the significance of ECEC and pass on fundings for ECEC programmes in developing countries.Discussion ( baffle by telling about developed and developing world, br ofenbrenner)Findings ( Critique for intervention) govt need to be more realistic in addressing chn needsGovernment may set up non-profit organization to provide ECEC for children, for example , Head start program, which provides large scale early childhood programme which shows significant short-term benefits. However, long term benefits are not clear (Garces). Research by Obama administration show it provides little benefits to the children. In addition, survey by the US government show there is lack of qualified staff and health care professionals which will have adverse effect on the development of the children.Inequality of quality and access as toffee-nosed sectors tend to cater to the affluent and not set up in poorer regions of the countriesChallenges to ECEC in developed countries may include lack of funding, inadequate co-ordination of the agencies involved, quality of programme and lack of qualified staff (Waller, 2009).Another quarrel in developed countries is that one of the objectives of ECEC is to en commensurate women to have equal participation in the workforce and to enable chidlren to learn and socialize (Penn, 2005). Early intervention to curb poverty is not the main priority, as such, this is another(prenominal) reason why ECEC is left to private operators.In USA, ECEC is left to individual providers so the quality of care and education is variable and there is inequitable access to these services. Individual providers are also more presumable to set up ECEC centres in urban areas and this may be incompatible with the government aim to provide quality education for all children.Starting strong describe the progress do by OECD countries to slaying of ECCEHowever, there are some successful ECCE model in other countries, such asTe Whariki in New Zealand. The curriculum includes content which meets the needs of the people in the cultural and social context. As such, it applies to the children in the setting. It is also true for Reggio Emi lia, which is super successful as it is based on the topical anesthetic context where it promotes communication between adults and children (Waller 2009). These ECEC models work in the place where they originated because it caters to the social and cultural context of the people.Evidence is highly specific to certain group and programme cant be transferredAlthough NGOs like World bank provide fundings to developing countries for education, their priority lies in primary education (Coraggio, 1996). ECEC programme were mostly operated by private entrepreneurs and club-based (Penn, 2008). In addition, these ECEC programme were adopted from ECEC models developed in the western countries. These models may not be relevant in the developing countries.Most NGOs, for example, World bank is seen to concur on research studies done by westerly institutions on child development. Decision to invest in ECEC programmes have been based on the experiences and practices of ECEC in developed countr ies (Penn, 2005).Maynard and Thomas(2004) noted that ECEC is given low priority in government policies in developing countries and they are usually maintained by private sector, or NGOs.As a result, faces of the following problems, developing countries (using developed countries model in developing countries)Lowly qualified teachersIrrelevant curriculumInappropriate assessmentTaught in exotic language , eg Malawi has oral languageParents cant afford school fees, clothes, shoesChildren too hungry to learnChidlren needed to help at homeStigma of AIDS/HIV shun by communitiesAs in the case of Malawi, the ECEC set up in rural areas are community-based with poor program and unqualified staff. In addition the stigma of AIDS keep some of the children ostracized and as a result did not attend ECEC. Furthermore, Malawi has only oral language so it is a challenge to teach literacy to the children (Clark Tucker, 2010).ECD (urban intl org) CBCC (community based)Developing countries ECEC may widen the gap for intergenerational poverty as poor children may not have access to ECEC. Studies in Peru show that 30% of children whose mother have low education do not attend ECEC (Woodhead).UNCRC set rules on child rights but countries may not adopt themEven for countries who adopt UNCRC, they may made ratificationswhich may go against the interest of the child, for example, educationfor girls in certain Islamic countries .However, it has been noted that ECEC brings changes to the child for example, in the case of Mother-Child Education Programme in Turkey (Bekman) which involves mothers, it brings positive changes in the childs key environment and relationship. Studies show that these children enjoy higher education which result in better employment.Arango et al concur ECEC alone does not help, need active involvement from families, communities and all stakeholders to make it successful PROMESA in Columbia.20 evaluation of program in various countries in Africa, South A merica and Asiashow positive resultsConclusionMost of the ECEC models are developed in Western countries where their chidlren accounted for less than 10% of the popuation in the world (LeVine, 2008).As in Brofenbrenner theory, the family and community (environment) has direct and indirect impact on the development of the child. This is one of the reason ECEC models cant work in developing countries where the cultures and values are totally different from where they originated (Penn 2005).Family values in developing countries may be different from Developed countries and intervention in ECCE may not be relevant (video-Babies)As in the case of PROMESA, when the parents, teachers and community are involved in the programme, they have positive effect in the child and and then make the programme successful. This is also true in the mother-child education in Turkey. As such, steps have to be taken to modify the ECEC program to include local context and to take into account incline is no t the main language in some of these developing countries. It would be beneficial to train local workers to be qualified educarers as it would provide employment and at the same time to be able to impart relevant skills in local context.Governments and NGOs like UN, World Bank should place priority on early childhood education instead of Primary Education. Perhaps Article 28 of UNCRC should be changed to all children should have the right to education instead of primary education.