Natural disasters Essay

BTAS overseas offices work c havely with the British diplomatic and cultural staff, the local travel trade and media to stimulate interest in Britain. In the UK it has partnerships with opposite organizations such as the British Council. The subject ara encumbranceist postings (NTBs) These were established in 1969 when the Development of touristry Act was passed. The English tourism Council (ETC) replaced the English touristry Board in 1999 These argon responsible for promoting domestic touristry in their receive countries. thither be 4 main tourist boards. They all have similar objectives which includeAdvising on matters of tourism Contri entirelyion to the saving by creating wealth and employment Making a good calculate for their countries as tourism destinations To help the sustain up to(p) tourism development And to research the consumer requirements in travel and tourism The Voluntary Sector These argon usually non profitable or charity organizations and are done b y volunteers. Examples include the Tourism Concern and the National Trust. The national trust was founded in 1895 and their aims are to preserve historical places or natural beauty permanently for the nation.The tourism concerns aim is to campaign for fair and ethically traded tourism. saucily Technologies Travel and Tourism is dependent on technology in the 21st century in rescript to keep up with consumer expectations and to be able to operate in an efficient way. Many use the figurer Reservations Systems (CRS) or the Global Distributions Systems (GDS) which are rationalizeed earlier in the project. The 4 main GDS are Sabre Amadeus Galileo Worldspan external Pressures Travel and Tourism is to a fault vulnerable against the external pressures for which it has no control over such as gold Fluctuation.State of the Economy Government Legislation Climate Changes Natural Disasters War and Acts of Terrorism Currency Fluctuation The exchange rates are always changing. When the value of the pound increases this encourages the issuebound tourism as the strength of the pound against the other currencies means holidaymakers get more for their specie Legislation Tax taxation also has a big impact on the travel and tourism fabrication. When air passenger province (APD) introduced in 1997 every flight from the UK to Europe has had i 10 added on to them and outside of the EU i 20. EU Legislation has had a big impact as well.The EU directive on encase holidays means that any company that is an organization must have a bond or other financial protection in place or they could be prosecuted. Climate Change When the UK has a sad summer it leads to a bad effect of tourism in the seaside destinations. With the use of the internet multitude female genitals see what the weather cigaret be like in advanced and if it is bad and then those sight are likely to looks elsewhere. Natural Disasters Natural Disasters such as earthquakes, tornadoes and floods all affect tou rism. For exercising the hurricanes that hit Florida would have moved(p) the tourism there in the summer months.War, Acts of Terrorism Travel and Tourism is vulnerable to war and terrorism acts. The Middle East and the events of September 11th in the USA has affected peoples confidence of flying and travelling to these parts of the world especially. Impact on Host Communities thither can be usually a positive and negative impact on host communities. There are Economic, Social and Environmental impacts on tourism. Economic Travel and Tourism has a big impact on the UK economy in the income generated, numbers apply, and balance of payments. A lot of industries eudaimonia from direct and indirect income generated by visitors to the area.Indirect income is brought in from the multiplier effect and this is when money spent by visitors is taken into the local economy. This can also be applied to numbers employed. The opposite to this is leakage Social The local communities can also b enefit from public, private and voluntary sectors. Services such as restaurants, shopping complexes and transport services are all examples. Also areas that are neglected are usually done up in severalize to impress. However, the impact on tourism on host communities are often more negative than positive. Environmental.There are big concerns about what tourism is having on the environmental side of tourism. This has led to big demanding of sustainable tourism. Type of Impact Positive Impacts Negative Impacts Economic Multiplier Effect Jobs Foreign Currency lolly Money to Develop the area and infrastructure Leakage Jobs can be part time seasonal Low Paid Visitor Management monetary values Rise in House Prices Social/ heathenish Supports Culture sink to crime/vandalism Language Dress Music Conflict Environmental purify and Maintain tourist places Improved infrastructure Preserve Wildlife Pollution Noise Litter Resource Depletion Overcrowding.Lead to crime/vandalism E2 outperform of the UK Industry and its Economic Significance For E2 I am going to set about out statistics on each of the sectors of the travel and tourism diligence. I will try to find out the numbers employed in each of these components and the number of participants in these components as well as the consumer outlay. I will also show the source from which I obtained these statistics from Component Numbers Employed Number of Participants Consumer disbursement Accommodation and ply Hotels and other Accommodation 318,7000 Restaurant and Cafi s 356. 0000 Bars, Pubs, Clubs 364. 1000. artificial lake Office for National Statistics This shows the consumer spend in allowance in percent Hotels 41% B&B 8% Flat/Chalet 9% Youth hostelry 1% Camping 2% Source www. staruk. com Travel Agents Below are just about branches and how many there are. Lunn Poly 797 Going Places 738 Thomas Cook 390 Another example is the CO-OPERATIVE WHOLESALE SOCIETY LTD with 289 branches this employs somewhat 35,200 p eople Source AbtaResearch. com 7. 2 million UK residents book their holidays person to person in travel agents but this is been out done by the internet which is getting 10. 9 million Source www. staruk. com Tour Operators 83.5000 people employed in travel agencies and tour operators. Source Office for National Statistics 257 million visits overall Source staruk. com glamour There are 87,000 people employed in this type of work Source VisitBritain. co. uk This shows the plowshare of trips. Car 73% Train 12% Bus 4% Coach 1% Caravan labour Cycle Bicycle Plane 5% Boat/Ship Other 2% Source www. staruk. com little than 1% Visitor Attractions Libraries, museums, culture 77. 0000 Source Office for National Statistics Alton Towers 2,650,00 Tower of London 2,422,181 Lego down 1,620,000 Flamingo Land 1,197,000 Source www. staruk. com.Tourism Development There are 450 people employed and 60% of these are employed in overseas markets Source Visitbritain. co. uk The government participate in tourism development and promotion because without it they would lose out on money from tourists Source Visit Britain. co. uk Incoming Tourists 24. 2 million trips made spending rough i qq. 7 billion Domestic Tourists 167. 3 million trips made and spending around i 26. 6 billion Outgoing Tourists 24. 18 million trips made spending around i 11. 618 million Business Tourism Another significant part of the travel and tourism labor is the descent tourism.The table below shows the amount of trips that were made by business tourism and the spending in this for the UK residents in the yr of 2001. Trips (Millions) Spent (i Millions) 22. 8 5,670 Source United Kingdom Tourism Survey / International passenger Survey E2 Scale of the UK Travel and Tourism Industry Travel and Tourism is a multi-billion pound industry in the UK. Visit Britain estimates that domestic and overseas tourists spent a total of around i 26 million in 1998. 60% of this spending was covered by the Accommodation and Catering sector. The scale of the industry can be established by looking atTravel and Tourism revenue and its division to the national economy Employment Statistics Inbound, outbound and Domestic tourist numbers within the UK Travel and Tourism Revenue Inbound and Domestic tourism contributes to the national economy A wide cheat on of industries benefit from direct and indirect income, this of which is generated by tourist The Travel and Tourism industry contributes to the economy by tourists gainful VAT and taxes o products Local Travel and Tourism industries contribute to local government finances with payment of business rates Contribution to the Balance of Payments.The Balance of Payments refers to the difference in the nations economy amid the income generated from exports and the cost of consequences It is harder to measure in tourism as tourists are paying for services rather than products and so it is described as universe invisible Inbound Tourism is seen as an ex port because overseas tourists are bringing money into the UK economy. They are buying British products and services Outbound Tourism is seen as an import because it is taking money out of the UK economy There is a deficit in the balance of payments when the cost of imports is greater than the income of exports.Outbound UK tourists spending more money abroad than the Inbound (overseas) visitors do in the UK There is a surplus in the balance of payments when the income of exports is greater than the cost of imports. Inbound tourists spending more money in the UK than the money taken out by outbound tourism More money is being spent by the British abroad than overseas visitors to the UK and therefore there is a deficit in the balance of payments The British Government is trying to resolve this by encouraging more overseas visitors to the UK. E2 Scale of the UK Industry and its Economic Significance.This is a multi billion pound industry and has a major influence on the economy in the terms of consumer spending and employment. Examples of organizations that produce statistics are Government statistics British tourist ascendency National and regional tourist boards Industry bodies such as ABTA, Mintel and Keynote To assess the scale of the UK industry and its economic significance we have to analyse the UK travel and tourism revenue and its contribution to the national economy and also look into employment statistics and research into inbound, outbound and domestic tourism in the UK.Visit England states that in the year of 1998 the UK industry was worth i 61,201 million making the UK the fourth largest earner of foreign exchange. This is what the money was spent on Trips (Millions) Spending (i m) UK Residents 122. 3 14,030 Overseas Visitors 25. 7 12,671 Total 148. 0 26,701 This information was taken from the Collins text book on Travel and Tourism An example of a visitor fondness for which I have found statistics on is Flamingo Land. This visitor attraction emp loys about 375 staff a year and work every full time or part time from March to November.Flamingo Land has been able to increase its employment as well because of the opening of a 26 bed roomed staff accommodation block and this has brought in staff from as far away as Wales and Scotland. Most of the staff who are employed at Flamingo Land though are from closer in and in the local areas of Scarborough, Malton, York, Whitby and Pickering E3 A Full Explanation of the Present Structure of the Industry In order to give a snuff it explanation of the industry I am going to describe the role of the 6 components within it employ a case study for each to explain the components role.I am also going to explain the chain of distribution within the industry. The 6 components are 1. Accommodation and Catering 2. Tour Operators 3. Travel Agents 4. Transport 5. Visitor Attractions 6. Tourism Promotion and Development 1. Accommodation and Catering Accommodation can be either serviced or self-cate ring Serviced Accommodation Hotels and serviced accommodation are all different in terms of size, quality, turnover and facilities. National tourist boards use classification systems for hotels, bed and breakfasts and guest houses. They are awarded star ratings for the throw up of facilities and services providedExamples of serviced accommodation are Hotels Lodge Bed Only Bed and Breakfast Half Board Full Board All Inclusive Self Serviced Accommodation (Self-Catering) There is a wide range of self serviced accommodation available. Examples are Camping Youth Hostels Apartments Villas/Chalets Boat Cottages Guest House Especially commonplace are places with self catering accommodation combined with activities and entertainment. Examples of this are Center Parcs and Butlins Catering Examples of catering are Fast Food Outlets McDonalds, Pizza Hut, Burger King.Restaurants Frankie and Bennies Cafi s Pubs Rose and Crown Takeaways Dominos Pizza In-house Restaurants (Supermarkets) Asda , Tescos Road-side Catering Burger bars outside football grounds Restaurant and takeaway markets have continued to grow part down to the popularity in ethnic restaurants and takeaway shops. Pub meals have remained popular. An example of accommodation and catering is the YHA (Youth Hostel Association) and this operates a network of over 227 youth hostels in the UK. It takes in groups and individuals. This is an example of a voluntary organization.2. Tour Operators Tour operators arrange the following Transport Accommodation Leisure Activities Holiday packages are usually interchange through travel operators and the travel agencies receive a commission for been the one who sells the product for them. Tour process markets provide products and services for three main categories of tourism which are Outbound Inbound Domestic Outbound Operators The majority of outbound operators are situated in the UK and they organize packaged holidays. Examples of outbound operators are Thomson Holid ays jump Choice Holidays Airto.