The Neuropsychology Korsakoff Syndrome Psychology Essay

The Neuropsychology Korsakoff Syndrome Psychology EssayThis poll is investigating on a specific tolerant (Mr C) whos suffering from Korsakoff syndrome. In this report, the showcase study places in general to holding wish. The sequence of events in this case study is employ to enjoin the possibilities of human face effects of chronic alcoholic beverageic drinkic beverage abuse which is also know as Korsakoff syndrome. The literature review introduces the medical model of Korsakoff syndrome that is presented with particular table service that has a link to anterograde and recidivate amnesia. A miscellanea of repositing hears were set for the unhurried in order to provide more true(p) diagnosis. The results from different studies were comp bed to the normative superstar and Korsakoff tolerants to represent the similarity. Furthermore, after the results were under offspringn the results shown a variety of scores which indicated that the persevering of studyed f urther treatments. Lastly, suggestions for prevention and treatments damages that the patient whitethorn eat ordain be presented.IntroductionIndicating to Mr Cs case study, the patient may have developed Korsakoff syndrome. Korsakoff syndrome is associated with Diencephalic Amnesia which is seen as neurologic disease. Patients that atomic number 18 experiencing this gibe atomic number 18 highly related to big(p) alcohol consumptions over a rattling long full point (Butterworth, 1989). Heavy alcohol is a public health problem with almost atomic number 53 in four people in the UK reporting having had this problem at several(prenominal) point in their lives (Kessler, 1994). This study is based on Korsakoff syndrome thats caused by alcohol related issue which Mr C has clearly been taking nearly half(a) of his life due(p) to going downhill during some time (Appendix 1). This is the depict patients may lead to obtaining the syndrome.This is based on biological evidence th at heavy alcohol consumption may lead to aneurin deficiency which affects the brain and the nervous systems. People who drink excessive touchstone of alcohol may damage important area part inside the brain, resulting serve sententious term retrospection departure where the patient constantly asks the akin questions and repeats the alike stories (Sergei Korsakoff, 1879). Many heavy drinkers have poor dieting problems which their tree trunk doesnt curb much vitamins, due to the fact that alcoholics spend time evidenceing to deputise high calories food with alcohol. This can cause a lot of complications in the patients body as the intestinal mucosa could be damaged by the alcohol which can lead to make it difficult for the liver to livestock vitamins. Alcohol plays a role that interferes with the change of thiamine into the active configuration of vitamin which is cognise as thiamine pyrophosphate. Korsakoff syndrome inflames the stomach lining in your body that causes fr equent vomiting, and make it harder for the body to absorb the main vitamins. Thiamine deficiency is a clear sign of the development of Korsakoff syndrome. (Moselhy, Georgiou, Kahn, 2001).However, due to the biological evidence thither are many symptoms that may appear suddenly deep down few days. The patients that have normal IQs are alert and attentive, appear motivated, and broadly lack other neurological signs of cerebral deficits such as deviant EEGs. Most patients with Korsakoff syndrome have a deficit in visual-perception. Mr C has the same symptoms that occur in Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (1881). Although Sergei Korsakoff (1879) didnt take any notice to Wernickes work, he mentioned the conception of several of the same type of symptoms in his patients (Gudden, 1896). Wernicke suggested that mental confusion and centre of attention movement disturbances were the primary symptoms and the first stage of Korsakoff Syndrome.As in that location is a unattackable indicatio n of Korsakoff syndrome, the patients behaviour and symptoms has a big impact in the patients lifestyle. Change in person-to-personity (become unconcerned, lacking of emotional reactions, talkative etc), confab (makeup information they cant remember), going of muscle co-ordination when the patients balance is weak, fund loss (unable to recall information), and difficulty in obtaining new information or acquisition new skills (amnesia). (Spear, 2002).In addition, at that place are two types of well known form of amnesia (anterograde and retrograde) that play a role in Korsakoff syndrome which happen chronic alcohol. Alcohol has shown various affective shop levels including semantic, prospective, explicit, periodic and silent (Fama, 2006, dYdewalle Van Damme, 2007). Problems with the patients short term memory are a strong sign of support to the patients having Korsakoff syndrome due to the characteristic of the syndrome being severe and having memory loss which is a type o f amnesia. The episodic and semantic memory of a patient with Korsakoff syndrome is the most affected characteristic, episodic refers to events from the persons gone (going back in time) and semantic memories deal with knowledge of facts, language and concepts.In the terms of the retrograde memory, there are many tests that can measure the persuasions of memory used by significant events which had happened during the past year of the patients life. outside Memory decline in quality calculates the patients past history its a multiple woof questions test thats apply. This test measures if the patient can remember the past events that have occurred in their life. The questions are exhibitn to recall there memory and testing there memory stage of their life for example about time and place of their birth, age, label of schools they attended, etc. (Cohen Sqauire, 1981).As for anterograde memory, is a different memory aspect to the retrograde test. There is a different Remote Me mory mischief test that would be given to patients which measures there memory on recalling renowned faces and words. Patients lead be assessed on famed face recognition, identification and naming, and known name recognition and identification. Overall the results will show an indication to a minimal outline of preserved remote memory with evidence of an connector amidst remote memory performance and decision making cognitive process in the patients brain. (Albert, 1981).Furthermore assessments can be also applied for the patients who are suffering from Korsakoff syndrome. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) can be applied which is quiet common, to assess the patients intelligence it measures the verbal and nonverbal abilities of adults. The assessment has been revise over the recent years the person rack up it would look to see if there are any differences between the verbal and non verbal contributions. If there is any big difference between the two sections will in dicate to learning problem. (David Wechsler, 1955).The aim of this study that is going to be carried out by several tests, the patient is experiencing by mental deficits from Korsakoff syndrome. A small amount of tests will be given to the patient to see if the symptoms displayed by the patient are the same as the symptoms of someone who is suffering from Korsakoff syndrome. Overall, if the patient is shew with any complications regarding any condition, further action and preventions measures will be recommended to cleanse the patients lifestyle.MethodDesign- This experiment is a case study base (Appendix 1).Participants-Mr C, as an only one patient that is being assessed in this study, the participant is one perceived to be suffering from Korsakoff syndrome, which displays many symptoms related to his case study (Appendix 1).Materials- the tests that are going to be taking place areRemote memory assessments-Famous faces test- have to indentify 150 photographs of famous people (a nterograde amnesia) foregone event test- multiple choice test, 88 events questions (retrograde amnesia).Weschler Adult intelligence outperform (WAIS) Working memory index Arithmetic, Digit span and Letter-Number Sequencing.California communicative skill (CVLT)Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS)The Mini-Mental State question (MMSE)- assessment of memory function, supplementary memory questions should be asked, e.g. about recent news, family or personal events.Implementation- These tests are being used on the patient due to remember out if the patient has any mental deficits issues and any complications he qualification have in his everyday life. Before taking the tests, the patient will be required to be sober from alcohol for a period of time, to ensure that there were no effects which efficiency cause cognitive issues on the results. Results from all the tests as described in the material section are compared to similar case studies that have been diagnosed with Korsakoff syndrome as well as a healthy normative control group. It will be compared between both group controls to provide rationale of the patients conditions.ResultsSource (tests)NormativeKorsakoff patientControlIndentify famous faces (anterograde amnesia)411538.188 multiple choice questions on past events (retrograde amnesia)704641.1Working memory index (WAIS)10856.755California Verbal Learning (CVLT)13212Memory Scale (WMS)321226The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)242.63.1Findings the patients with Korsakoff syndrome have diencephalic lesions indentified.Remote memory assessmentIndentify famous faces (anterograde amnesia)- The famous faces identification assessment clearly shows the patients performance appeared to be weak which the patient scored 15, compared to the normative scoring 41. This may be due to primarily to loss of semantic knowledge regarding famous persons.Multiple choice questions on past events (retrograde amnesia)- patient has shown similar remote memory disablement in Kors akoff syndrome might reflect to anterograde amnesia. Mr C may be going with nerve breakdown.Working memory index (WAIS)the results show the Korsakoff patient impairment within the episodic and working memory. the control and Korsakoff scoring has displayed similar scorings of episodic and working memory deficits. this shows similar patterns of brain damage compared to the normative score. the proficiency was overall was found not to be significant.California Verbal Learning (CVLT)the recalling tests showed the patientsMemory Scale (WMS)the patient scoring was not significant which shows in the results of 12, the results shows the control scoring were higher than the patients score.Mini mental state mental testingThe test that was undertaken by the patients was used to screen for cognitive impairment to help to screen for global confusion which Mr C has. the scores show he defiantly has memory disorder if you see the comparison to the normative scoring of 24 and the patients scorin g shows 2.6 which is really low. it has shows that he failed the MMSE recall item. the results has clearly displayed impairments of episodic memory, recollection, contextual memory and retrieval.DiscussionBased on the overall results, there is a strong indication that Mr C has Korsakoff syndrome. The patients test performances show that there are impairments in memory in Mr C compared to the normative results. The results showed a clear evidence for the typical mental deficits associated with Korsakoff syndrome. Furthermore, to help the patient to outmatch the symptoms there should be a variety of techniques which could be used to try to reduce the symptoms that the patient is experiencing, which may be based on therapies which have shown positive beneficial to the condition.To minimise the symptoms there are types of medical drugs that could be given to the patient in order to help them reduce the side effects of mental deficits that the patient may be going through due to Korsako ff syndrome. Due to Mr C vomiting he will need to take IV Thiamine drinking plenty water well(p) away, even though the improvement is a slow process he will need to change his diet along with it. This is found to give improvements in the memory deficits that may have caused by the condition oddly if the patient who have memory deficits due to alcohol.Likewise, if the patient wouldnt like to take any medication they will have to change their diet. This might be the prevention that caused nerve damage to the patient which has stated above its due to thiamine deficiency. Healthy lifestyle includes drinking alcohol only within a safe recommendation amount (up to 3-4 units a day for men, and 2-3 units a day for women). Eating a balance will help the patient by eating, whole grain, vegetables and wheat which may lead to preventing further memory loss (Hillbom, 2006) it could improve memory, cognitive impairment and confusion in Korsakoff patients.In addition, the most effective method o f preventing Korsakoff syndrome is to avoid vitamin/thiamine B deficiency. In the western countries, the most common causes of mental deficits are due to natural alcohol and weight disorders. Thus, requiring preventing this companies that sell alcoholic beverages to supplement them with B vitamin/thiamine would avoid many cases of Korsakoff.In conclusion, the patient has shown to have Korsakoff syndrome which he had a sufficient amount of memory deficits within himself that show adequate evidence of Korsakoff syndrome. This report shows describes the most effective and practical way of controlling the condition at the present time and providing improvements to the patients lifestyle, it leads to variety of assessments. FurtherStill, there are several criticism associated with memory assessments which have been used in this study, it may not be utterly reliable to diagnose the patient, therefore it may be wise to administer further testing on the patient throughout their life to mak e sure the he is accurately diagnosed of the conditions. It is very often falls to the head-shrinker to coordinate care for the patients, a psychiatrist is highly recommended for Mr C to follow-up, arrange placement, and assess further tests when necessary. GP will be there supporting the patients and families. Long-term outcomes have been studied previous(prenominal) patients are reported to have a normal life foresight if they remain sober from alcohol (Leenane, 1986).